Zootopia (released as Zootropolis in some countries) is a 2016 American 3D computer-animated buddy cop comedy-adventure film[7] produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the 55th Disney animated feature film. The film is directed by Byron Howard and Rich Moore, co-directed by Jared Bush, and starring the voices of Ginnifer Goodwin, Jason Bateman, Idris Elba, Jenny Slate, Nate Torrence, Bonnie Hunt, Don Lake, Tommy Chong, J. K. Simmons, Octavia Spencer, Alan Tudyk, and Shakira. The film details the unlikely partnership between a rabbit police officer and a red fox con artistas they uncover a conspiracy that involves the disappearance of predator inhabitants of a mammalian metropolis.
Zootopia premiered at the Brussels Animation Film Festival in Belgium on February 13, 2016,[8] and went into general theatrical release in conventional 2D, Disney Digital 3D, RealD 3D and IMAX 3D formats in the United States on March 4, 2016.[9][10] The film was praised for its animation, voice cast, humor and themes about discrimination and social stereotypes.[11][12][13] It opened to record-breaking box office success in several countries and has earned a worldwide gross of over $1 billion, making it the second-highest-grossing film of 2016 and the 24th-highest-grossing film of all time.
Plot[edit]
In a world populated by anthropomorphic mammals, a rabbit from rural Bunnyburrow named Judy Hopps fulfills her childhood dream of becoming the first rabbit police officer in urban utopia, Zootopia. Despite being the police academy valedictorian, Judy is relegated to parking duty by Chief Bogo, who doubts her potential. On her first day, she is hustled by Nick Wilde and Finnick, acon artist duo.
The next day, Judy abandons parking duty to arrest Duke Weaselton, a thief who stole plant bulbs. Bogo reprimands her, but a female otter named Mrs. Otterton enters Bogo's office pleading for someone to find her husband Emmitt, one of fourteenpredators who have gone missing. Judy volunteers, causing Bogo to fire her for insubordination. When Assistant Mayor Dawn Bellwether praises the assignment and informs Mayor Leodore Lionheart that Judy is taking the case, Bogo gives her two days to find Otterton on one condition that she must resign if she fails.
After discovering that Nick was the last one to see Otterton, Judy blackmails him into assisting her by covertly recording his confession to tax evasion. They track Otterton to a limousine owned by crime boss Mr. Big, who reveals that his florist Otterton went "savage" – reverted to a feral state – and attacked his chauffeur Manchas. At his home, Manchas mentions that Otterton had been yelling about "night howlers." Moments later, Manchas himself turns savage and chases the pair. Judy saves Nick by trapping Manchas and calls the ZPD for help. When Bogo and other police arrive, however, Manchas has vanished. Bogo demands Judy's resignation, but she is saved by Nick who reminds Bogo that she still has ten hours to solve the case. As they leave, Nick reveals to Judy that he was bullied as a child for being a fox. Deciding there was no use in fighting prejudiced ideas about fox behaviour, he became a con artist.
Bellwether gives Judy and Nick access to the city's traffic camera system. They discover Manchas was captured by wolves which Judy surmises are the "night howlers". They find Otterton and the other missing predators imprisoned at Cliffside Asylum where Lionheart has been keeping them hidden from the public and Dr. Madge Honey Badger is trying to determine the cause of their strange behavior. Lionheart and those involved are arrested and Bellwether becomes the new mayor. Judy, praised for solving the case and now friends with Nick, asks him to join the ZPD and become her partner. When she upsets him by suggesting a biological cause for the recent predator behavior at a press conference, however, he leaves angrily. Guilt-ridden, Judy quits her job amid a wave of protests against predators.
Back in Bunnyburrow, Judy learns from her parents and her reformed childhood bully, fox Gideon Grey, that "night howlers" are toxic flowers that have severe psychotropic effectson mammals. After Judy returns to Zootopia and tearfully reconciles with Nick, they find Weaselton and discover that the bulbs he was stealing were night howlers intended for a ram named Doug. They find Doug in a lab hidden in the subway tunnels, creating a night howler serum which he has been exposing to predators via a dart gun.
Before they can go to the ZPD, Bellwether steals the evidence, revealing herself as the mastermind behind a prey-supremacist conspiracy. Judy and Nick are trapped in a pit by Bellwether's henchrams after Nick refuses to abandon Judy when she is injured. Bellwether shoots a serum pellet at Nick to make him kill Judy, and frames a call to the ZPD, but Nick had disarmed Bellwether's dart gun by replacing the serum pellets with blueberries. Enraged, Bellwether threatens to frame Judy and Nick for the attacks, like she framed Lionheart, but Judy has recorded Bellwether's confession. Bogo and the ZPD arrive and arrest Bellwether and those involved. Lionheart denies knowledge of her plot, but asserts that he had good reason to imprison the savage predators.
The predators are cured with an antidote, Judy rejoins the ZPD, and Nick becomes the city's first fox police officer and her partner.
Production[edit]
Writing[edit]
Zootopia was originally conceived of as an international spy film centered on a rabbit named "Jack Savage" who would be somewhat like James Bond.[34] Over time, with the help of the Disney Story Trust (the studio's top creative personnel who meet regularly to discuss all projects in development), the film evolved into a police procedural in which Nick Wilde was the lead role and Judy Hopps was essentially his sidekick.[34][35] For a while, "the filmmakers were very committed" to that version of the story,[34] but then in November 2014, the filmmakers realized the film's plot would be more engaging if they reversed the roles to instead focus on Judy as opposed to Nick.[35] The change in perspective caused several characters to be dropped, notably two characters known as "The Gerbil Jerks" who were described as "trust-fund gerbils that had nothing better to do than harass Nick."[36]
Pre-production[edit]
The project was announced in August 2013 at that year’s D23 Expo.[38] The film, scripted by Jared Bush, was scheduled for a March 2016 release.[38][39] Prior to the official announcement, in May 2013, information about Byron Howard's direction andJason Bateman's casting were leaked to the press, although little else about the film was known at the time.[15] The idea originated with Howard wanting to do a film similar to Disney’s Robin Hood, which also featured animals in anthropomorphic roles.[38] With this in mind, the city was envisioned as if animals designed it rather than humans.[38] According to Howard,Zootopia would be different from other animal anthropomorphic films, where animals either live in the natural world or in the human world. The concept, where animals live in a modern world designed by animals, was well received by chief creative officer and executive producer John Lasseter, who lifted Howard "in the air like a baby Simba" when he proposed the idea for the film.[40]
Research for the film took place in Disney's Animal Kingdom, as well as in Kenya and the San Diego Zoo Safari Park, where animators spent eight months studying various animals' walk cycles as well as fur color.[41][42] 800,000 forms of mammals were created for and featured in the film.[42] To make the characters' fur even more realistic, they also went to a natural history museum to closely observe the appearance of fur with a microscope under a variety of lighting.[42] The filmmakers drew inspiration for Zootopia's urban design from major cities including New York City, San Francisco, Las Vegas, Paris,Shanghai, Hong Kong, and Brasília.[43] To develop a city that could actually be inhabited by talking mammals ranging in size from two inches (5 cm) to 27 feet (8.23 m) and from drastically different climates, the filmmakers consulted Americans with Disabilities Act specialists and HVAC system designers.[44] In March 2015, it was revealed that Rich Moore(Wreck-It Ralph) had been added as a director of the film, in addition to Jared Bush (Penn Zero: Part-Time Hero) as co-director.[45]
Animation[edit]
Disney's most recent work on animating fur was for the titular character of the 2008 film Bolt, but the software they had used at the time was not ready for creating the realistic fur of the animals of Zootopia.[42] Therefore, the studio's IT engineers developed the fur-controlling software iGroom, which gave character designers precise control over the brushing, shaping and shading of fur and made it possible to create a variety of eccentric character styles for each animal.[42] The software was also able to control an unseen "imaginary" underlayer that gave fur a degree of plushness not seen before.[42] This feature was used to create characters like Officer Clawhauser, who has a big head that is entirely made of spotted fur.[42] Characters with noteworthy numbers of strands of hair or fur included both of the two lead characters, Judy Hopps and Nick Wilde, who each had around 2.5 million hairs; a giraffe with nine million strands of fur; a gerbil with 480,000 strands; and a rodent with more strands of hair than the 400,000 that were on Elsa's head inFrozen.[42]
Zootopia was the second time Disney used the Hyperion renderer, which they had first used on Big Hero 6.[42] A new fur paradigm was added to the renderer to facilitate the creation of realistic images of the animals' dense fur.[42] Nitro, a real-time display application developed since the making of Wreck-It Ralph, was used to make the fur more consistent, intact and subtle much more quickly, as opposed to the previous practice of having to predict how the fur would work while making and looking at silhouettes or poses for the character.[42] The tree-and-plant generator Bonsai, first used in Frozen, was used to make numerous variations of trees with very detailed foliage.[42]
Casting[edit]
On May 6, 2015, Bateman and Ginnifer Goodwin were announced as having been cast, respectively in the roles of Nick Wilde and Lieutenant Judy Hopps.[14] The filmmakers chose Bateman because they wanted an actor who could bring "a funny yet heartfelt side" with "a wily, dry-witted sort of voice." Bateman described his character as "a crafty, sarcastic schemer," remarking on the role's similarity to many other roles he had done since he was 12. He explained that he had said to the directors: "'What kind of voice do you guys want me to do?' And they just looked at me like I was an idiot and said, 'Just do what you do. Just talk.'"[46]
Commenting on the casting of Goodwin, Moore said that she brought "very centered sweetness, tremendous heart and a great sense of humor;" he described Judy as "a littlePollyanna mixed with Furiosa." Goodwin stated about her character: "People mistake kindness for naivete or stupidity, and she is a good girl through and through. But she's not a dumb bunny."[46]
Music[edit]
The film's score is composed by Michael Giacchino.[2] It marks his first feature-length project for Walt Disney Animation Studios,[2] as he previously scored the Goofy short How to Hook Up Your Home Theater, the two Prep & Landing specials and short film, and the short film The Ballad of Nessie. In addition to her voice role of Gazelle, pop star Shakira also contributed an original song to the film titled "Try Everything," which was written by Sia and Stargate.[18][47] The film's score was recorded by an 80-piece orchestra in November 2015, with Tim Simonec conducting.[48]
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